Adams Car Package > Adams Car > Dialog Box - F1 Help > Full-Vehicle Analysis: Setup Powertrain Parameters

Full-Vehicle Analysis: Setup Powertrain Parameters

Setup → Full Vehicle Assembly → Powertrain Parameters

To learn more about the powertrain parameters, see Powertrain System.

Select the required Powertrain Configuration from the drop-down menu. Note that a full-vehicle model should be presented prior to launch of this simulation.

■Manual Gear Shifting: Default powertrain configuration with Engine, Clutch and Manual Transmission.

■Simple Proportional Torque: Simplified Engine Model, no Transmission.

■Automatic Torque Convertor: Engine, Torque Converter and Automatic Transmission.

■Robotized Dual-Clutch: Simplified Engine Model, Simplified Robotized Clutch and Transmission.

■Show all Options: For overview only, this provides an overview of all the settings available for any of the powertrain configuration.

Manual Gear Shifting

The Manual Gear Shifting has three tabs: Engine, Clutch and Transmission.

Engine

For the option:	Do the following:
Stall Speed	Enter the engine stall speed (in rpm).
Idle Speed	Enter the engine idle speed (in rpm).
Rev. Limit	Enter the engine rev speed limit (in rpm).
Rotating Inertia	Enter the total effective rotating inertia of the powertrain expressed at the engine.
Throttle Signal Scaling [0-100] Throttle Max.	Enter the value of throttle demand that corresponds to full throttle. Throttle demand from driving machine is divided by the value (and saturated at limits of 0-1) prior to being used to lookup engine torque using the spline defined in the .pwr file.
EMS Gain (Prop.)	Enter the proportional gain used in Engine Management System (EMS) which controls the idle speed. The EMS system is modeled as a simple P controller; this is the gain of that controller, so it governs how aggressively the EMS system attempts to maintain idle.
EMS Throttle Max.	Enter the value of throttle demand that corresponds to the maximum capability of the EMS system. The EMS system can apply at most the equivalent of the EMS Throttle Max.
Property File	Specify the spline property file of the engine steady-state torque versus engine speed and throttle position.
Power/Velocity Plot	Plot the available transmission output power in different velocities for a given engine map, final drive and tire radius.

Clutch

The (closed) clutch acts similar to a torsional spring which has some stiffness and damping. However, there is a limit on maximum transferable torque which is set by Clutch Torque Capacity parameter.

Clutch Open: When the driver has completely pushed the clutch pedal, which is modeled by clutch demand of (1).

Clutch Close: When the clutch pedal is completely released, which is modeled by clutch demand of (0).

The clutch transfers torque only when it is at least partially closed which causes some slip displacement or slip speed between the engine crankshaft and the transmission input shaft. The clutch slip speed is the difference between the engine crankshaft and the transmission input shaft rotational speeds. When the clutch is closed, the clutch slip displacement is the integral of the clutch slip speed. When the clutch is open, the clutch slip displacement decays to zero after a certain time which is set by Clutch Time Constant.

For the option:	Do the following:
Clutch Stiffness	Enter the transferred clutch torque per unit of clutch slip.
Clutch Damping	Enter the clutch damping torque per unit of clutch slip speed.
Clutch Open	Enter the value of clutch demand at which clutch is open. Value should be in the range of 0 and 1.
Clutch Close	Enter the value of clutch demand at which clutch is fully closed. Value should be less than Clutch Open and in the range of 0 and 1.
Clutch Torque Capacity	Enter the maximum torque which clutch can transfer with zero slip speed.
Clutch Time Constant	Enter the time constant that clutch slip decays to zero when clutch is open.

Transmission

Set the number of gears, the ratio, the shift-down and the shift-up engine rev for each gear.

For the option:	Do the following:
Number of Gears	Select the number of the gears.
Gear Shift Points Individual	Choose to whether have an individual (gear-specific) shift-down and shift-up values or not.
Gear Number	Here "R" and "N" stand for reverse and neutral gears, respectively.
Gear Ratio	Enter the gear ratio for each gear. The clutch torque multiplied by the gear ratio is applied to the differential input shaft.
Shift-Down	Enter the engine rev values for downshifting in gear 2 or upper gears.
Shift-Up	Enter the engine rev values for upshifting in gear 1 or upper gears.

Simple Proportional Torque

This model approximates the ideal case of a CVT (continuous variable transmission) ratio powertrain. The torque provided is between Tmin and Tmax, and in proportional to the throttle demand according to the provided plot in the dialogue box. The user needs to provide the value of Tmax, Tmin and Pmax.

Simple (CVT)

For the option:	Do the following:
Torque Minimum	Enter the minimum torque delivery at 0% throttle (this may often be negative to provide some "engine braking").
Torque Maximum	Enter the maximum torque delivery at 100% throttle unless Pmax/ω is less, and as such, the "stall" torque at 100% throttle.
Power Maximum	Enter the (constant) maximum power.
Torque Tau	Enter the time constant of first-order lag function that is applied to torque/speed characteristic to mathematically model the engine.

Automatic Torque Convertor

The Automatic Torque Convertor has three tabs: Engine, Torque Convertor and Transmission.

Engine

For the option:	Do the following:
Stall Speed	Enter the engine stall speed (in rpm).
Idle Speed	Enter the engine idle speed (in rpm).
Rev. Limit	Enter the engine rev speed limit (in rpm).
Rotating Inertia	Enter the total effective rotating inertia of the powertrain expressed at the engine.
Throttle Signal Scaling [0-100] Throttle Max.	Enter the value of throttle demand that corresponds to full throttle. Throttle demand from driving machine is divided by the value (and saturated at limits of 0-1) prior to being used to lookup engine torque using the spline defined in the .pwr file.
EMS Gain (Prop.)	Enter the proportional gain used in Engine Management System (EMS) which controls the idle speed. The EMS system is modeled as a simple P controller; this is the gain of that controller, so it governs how aggressively the EMS system attempts to maintain idle.
EMS Throttle Max.	Enter the value of throttle demand that corresponds to the maximum capability of the EMS system. The EMS system can apply at most the equivalent of the EMS Throttle Max.
Property File	Specify the spline property file of the engine steady-state torque versus engine speed and throttle position.
Power/Velocity Plot	Plot the available transmission output power in different velocities for a given engine map, final drive and tire radius.

Torque Convertor

For the option:	Do the following:
Shift Cycle Time	Enter the gear shifting cycle time.
Oil Dump Threshold	Enter the torque ratio at which the "Oil Dump" (torque attenuation, see diagram in dialog box) initiates.
Oil Dump Residual	Enter the residual fraction of torque produced at a speed ratio of zero (see diagram in dialog box.)
Throttle Off [%]	Enter the threshold throttle value considered "off" (allows "oil dump".)
Property File	Enter the torque convertor property file.

Transmission

Set the number of gears, the ratio, the shift-down and the shift-up engine rev for each gear.

For the option:	Do the following:
Number of Gears	Select the number of the gears.
Gear Shift Points Individual	Choose to whether have an individual (gear-specific) shift-down and shift-up values or not.
Sport Mode (Kickdown)	Only available in Automatic Torque Convertor and Robotized Dual-Clutch configuration. Select to provide "Shift-Up Sport" input revs.
Gear Number	Here "R" and "N" stand for reverse and neutral gears, respectively.
Gear Ratio	Enter the gear ratio for each gear. The clutch torque multiplied by the gear ratio is applied to the differential input shaft.
Shift-Down	Enter the input rev values for downshifting in gear 2 or upper gears.
Shift-Up	Enter the input rev values for upshifting in gear 1 or upper gears.
Shift-Up Sport	Enter the input rev values for upshifting in sport mode. The actual upshifting point is interpolated between "Shift-Up" and "Shift-Up Sport".
Throttle Thresholds	Enter the throttle demand thresholds for "Shift-Up" and "Shift-Up Sport".

Robotized Dual-Clutch

The Robotized Dual-Clutch has two tabs: Dual-Clutch and Transmission.

Dual-Clutch

For the option:	Do the following:
Shift Cycle Time	Enter the gear shifting cycle time.
Time Constant	Enter the time constant of first-order lag function that is applied to torque/speed characteristic.
Property File	Enter the engine torque property file.

Transmission

Set the number of gears, the ratio, the shift-down and the shift-up engine rev for each gear.

For the option:	Do the following:
Number of Gears	Select the number of the gears.
Gear Shift Points Individual	Choose to whether have a individual (gear-specific) shift-down and shift-up values or not.
Sport Mode (Kickdown)	Only available in Automatic Torque Convertor and Robotized Dual-Clutch configuration. Select to provide "Shift-Up Sport" input revs.
Manual Shift	When selected, the gear shifting is activated by the driver (Manumatic/Tiptronic).
Gear Number	Here "R" and "N" stand for reverse and neutral gears, respectively.
Gear Ratio	Enter the gear ratio for each gear. The clutch torque multiplied by the gear ratio is applied to the differential input shaft.
Shift-Down	Enter the input rev values for downshifting in gear 2 or upper gears.
Shift-Up	Enter the input rev values for upshifting in gear 1 or upper gears.
Shift-Up Sport	Enter the input rev values for upshifting in sport mode. The actual upshifting point is interpolated between "Shift-Up" and "Shift-Up Sport".
Throttle Thresholds	Enter the throttle demand thresholds for "Shift-Up" and "Shift-Up Sport".

Show all Options

For overview only, this provides an overview of all the settings available for any of the powertrain configuration (all the possible tabs are displayed). Note that the content of each tab is always the same, even those that are shared by several configurations.